Three compounding drivers
Physical systems are scaling.
Trapped-ion, superconducting, neutral-atom, and photonic systems are all improving. The investor point is not one winner today; it is field-level slope.
Error correction is becoming a multiplier.
High-rate codes and better decoding improve usable computation on the same hardware. This is the quantum equivalent of algorithmic efficiency gains.
Hybrid orchestration makes raw capability useful.
A QPU connected to a classical orchestration layer becomes a tool. This is where the infrastructure layer starts to matter commercially.